![]() 700–800) introduced the idea of warning that the king was under attack (announcing check in modern terminology). 500–700), the king could be captured and this ended the game. In modern parlance, the term checkmate is a metaphor for an irrefutable and strategic victory. This interpretation is much closer to the original intent of the game being not to kill a king but to leave him with no viable response other than surrender, which better matches the origin story detailed in the Shahnameh. A king being in mate (shah-mat) then means a king is unable to respond, which would correspond to there being no response that a player's king can make to the opponent's final move. So a possible alternative would be to interpret mate as "unable to respond". The words "stupefied" or "stunned" bear close correlation. In modern Persian, the word mate depicts a person who is frozen, open-mouthed, staring, confused and unresponsive. So the king is in mate when he is ambushed, at a loss, helpless, defeated, or abandoned to his fate. "Māt" ( مات) is a Persian adjective for "at a loss", "helpless", or "defeated". Players would announce "Shāh" when the king was in check. "Shāh" ( شاه) is the Persian word for the monarch. It means "remained" in the sense of "abandoned" and the formal translation is "surprised", in the military sense of "ambushed". ![]() It comes from a Persian verb mandan ( ماندن), meaning "to remain", which is cognate with the Latin word maneō and the Greek menō ( μένω, which means "I remain"). Moghadam traced the etymology of the word mate. Others maintain that it means "the King is dead", as chess reached Europe via the Arab world, and Arabic māta ( مَاتَ) means "died" or "is dead". Persian "māt" applies to the king but in Sanskrit "māta", also pronounced "māt", applied to his kingdom "traversed, measured across, and meted out" thoroughly by his opponent "māta" is the past participle of "mā" verbal root. The term checkmate is, according to the Barnhart Etymological Dictionary, an alteration of the Persian phrase "shāh māt" ( شاه مات) which means "the King is helpless". Since the checkmate cannot be forced, though, the game is a draw.Look up checkmate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. If you're wondering how a checkmate (with help from the opponent) is possible, see below. You cannot force a checkmate with these minor pieces. But the checkmate cannot be forced without help from the opponent. King + minor piece vs king + minor pieceĬheckmate with a king and a minor piece vs another king and a minor piece is possible as long as the two minor pieces aren't bishops of the same color.The king with two knights won't be able to checkmate unless the opponent helps. With this combinations of pieces checkmate is possible, but it cannot be forced. This is sometimes called "timeout vs insufficient material." If White runs out of time, Black would not win because it has no pieces to force checkmate. This is very important to point out as running out of time will not always mean losing the game-sometimes it's a draw. Since the player with the black pieces can not checkmate with just the king, the game is also declared drawn. ![]() What happens if one of the players has all the pieces but the other player has just one king and the first player runs out of time? In this example, White should win-but ran out of time! But when White tries to push it to the very end, it leaves the black king without any legal moves, and so the game is a draw by stalemate. In the following example, White has one extra pawn. The following explanations should make things more clear. For people who are just learning to play chess, understanding rules like stalemate or insufficient material can be difficult. While most of the ways to win or lose a chess game above are clear, draws can be a little more complicated. At, we give the disconnected player a fair amount of time to reconnect, but not too much to make the opponent wait long for the game to finish. In this case, a timeout loss is assigned to the disconnected player. Timeout can also happen by disconnection, when one player is no longer connected to the server. Managing your time and using it carefully across the game is critical.īelow you can see an example from the Pro Chess League where Andrew Tang was able to win by timeout in a very complicated position. If your opponent does not have the minimum amount of material for checkmate and you run out of time, the game is a draw-even if you were winning. If you run out of time, you automatically lose the game if your opponent has the minimum material required to force a checkmate. ![]() It does not matter how much of an advantage you have on the board or whether you have checkmate in one move. Timeout is a painful way to lose a chess game. ![]()
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